Building a School Administration Solution with C# 14 and .NET 9

To handle students, staff, schedules, grades, attendance, and communication, modern schools need strong digital systems. Developers now have access to state-of-the-art language features and performance improvements with C# 14 and.NET 9, which are perfect for creating modular, scalable, and maintainable enterprise-level applications.

The main language enhancements and architectural patterns appropriate for education management platforms are highlighted in this article’s exploration of building a school administration system with C# 14 and.NET 9.

Why Use C# 14 and .NET 9?

Key Features in C# 14

Primary constructors in classes and structs.
Field and auto-property initializers in primary constructors.
Extension members in interfaces.
Collection expressions for concise collection creation.

Key Improvements in .NET 9

Performance optimizations across the runtime and ASP.NET Core.
Minimal API enhancements.
Native AOT support.
Improved diagnostics and observability tools.

These features make development faster, cleaner, and more scalable, crucial for enterprise applications like school administration.

Use Case Overview: School Administration System

A School Administration System typically includes.

Student Information Management.
Class Schedules and Timetables.
Attendance Tracking.
Gradebook and Report Cards.
Teacher and Staff Management.
Parent Communication Portals.

We’ll implement the core backend components using ASP.NET Core 9 APIs and C# 14 language features.

Project Setup

Step 1. Create the Project.

Step 2. Enable C# 14 and .NET 9.

Ensure your csproj targets .NET 9.0 and enables preview language features:

Core Domain Model Using C# 14

Example: Student Record.

<span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-class">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> firstName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> lastName<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> Id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> FirstName <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> firstName<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> LastName <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> lastName<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">List<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>AttendanceRecord<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> AttendanceRecords <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-set">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">List<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>GradeEntry<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Grades <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-set">set</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> FullName <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token interpolation-string"><span class="token string">$"</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">FirstName</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">LastName</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

public class Student(string id, string firstName, string lastName)

{

public List<AttendanceRecord> AttendanceRecords { get; set; } = [];

public List<GradeEntry> Grades { get; set; } = [];

public string FullName => $"{FirstName} {LastName}";

}

The primary constructor simplifies boilerplate.
Collection expressions ([]) are used for initialization.

Supporting Models

Service Layer with Extension Members

<span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-interface">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">IStudentService</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token return-type class-name">Student<span class="token punctuation">?</span></span> <span class="token function">GetById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-void">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Student</span> student<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-static">static</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">List<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>Student<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> Students <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-new">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token return-type class-name">Student<span class="token punctuation">?</span></span> IStudentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
        IStudentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Students<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">FirstOrDefault</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Id <span class="token operator">==</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-void">void</span></span> IStudentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Student</span> student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
        IStudentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Students<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>student<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

public interface IStudentService

{

Student? GetById(string id);

void Add(Student student);

static List<Student> Students { get; } = new();

Student? IStudentService.GetById(string id) =>

IStudentService.Students.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Id == id);

void IStudentService.Add(Student student) =>

IStudentService.Students.Add(student);

}

Demonstrates extension members in interfaces
Encapsulates static shared logic within the interface itself

Minimal API for Student Management

<span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-var">var</span></span> builder <span class="token operator">=</span> WebApplication<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">CreateBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-var">var</span></span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> builder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-var">var</span></span> studentService <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-new">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">IStudentService</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">MapGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/students/{id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-return">return</span> studentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">MapPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/students"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Student</span> student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    studentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>student<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-return">return</span> Results<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Created</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token interpolation-string"><span class="token string">$"/students/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">student<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Id</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> student<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var app = builder.Build();

var studentService = new IStudentService { };

app.MapGet("/students/{id}", (string id) =>

{

return studentService.GetById(id);

});

app.MapPost("/students", (Student student) =>

{

studentService.Add(student);

return Results.Created($"/students/{student.Id}", student);

});

app.Run();

This minimal API pattern makes full use of .NET 9’s streamlined routing and works perfectly with C# 14’s expressive object syntax.

Advanced Features: Timetable and Attendance

Timetable Model with Primary Constructor and Validation.

<span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-class">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Timetable</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token function">Timetable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Dictionary<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> weeklySchedule<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        Id <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        WeeklySchedule <span class="token operator">=</span> weeklySchedule <span class="token operator">??</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-throw">throw</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-new">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">ArgumentNullException</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword keyword-nameof">nameof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>weeklySchedule<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> Id <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-public">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name">Dictionary<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> WeeklySchedule <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-get">get</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

public class Timetable

{

public Timetable(string id, Dictionary<string, List<string>> weeklySchedule)

{

Id = id;

WeeklySchedule = weeklySchedule ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(weeklySchedule));

}

public Dictionary<string, List<string>> WeeklySchedule { get; }

}

Attendance Recording Endpoint.

app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">MapPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/attendance/{id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-string">string</span></span> id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AttendanceRecord <span class="token keyword keyword-record">record</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword keyword-var">var</span></span> student <span class="token operator">=</span> studentService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-if">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>student <span class="token keyword keyword-is">is</span> <span class="token keyword keyword-null">null</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword keyword-return">return</span> Results<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">NotFound</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    student<span class="token punctuation">.</span>AttendanceRecords<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword keyword-record">record</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword keyword-return">return</span> Results<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>student<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

app.MapPost("/attendance/{id}", (string id, AttendanceRecord record) =>

{

var student = studentService.GetById(id);

if (student is null)

return Results.NotFound();

student.AttendanceRecords.Add(record);

return Results.Ok(student);

});

Future Enhancements

Integrate authentication with OpenID Connect for staff/parent login.
Store data using MongoDB or SQL Server via EF Core.
Add gRPC services for integration with mobile apps.
Use SignalR for real-time attendance updates.

Conclusion

C# 14 and .NET 9 empower developers to build cleaner, faster, and more modular applications. With features like primary constructors, extension members, and collection expressions, you can reduce boilerplate and focus on domain logic.

A School Administration System built on this stack can be robust, scalable, and ready for integration with modern cloud-native tools, making it an excellent solution for digital transformation in education.

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